Women's Health Specialists of St. Louis
Obstetrics and Gynecology

Articles - Food in Pregnancy

In pregnancy there are some foods which are best avoided. For example, foods that are unpasteurized or uncooked may harbor potentially harmful bacteria. These bacteria may only be a source of diarrhea or stomach upset in a non-pregnant individual but can cause serious illnesses in pregnant women. To be safe, avoid juices or dairy products that are unpasteurized. Cheeses that are unpasteurized and should be avoided in pregnancy include feta, roquefort, gorgonzola, camembert, and fresh mozzarella. Meats should be fresh and well cooked. Avoid rare or raw meat or sushi containing raw fish as uncooked meat and fish can contain tapeworm eggs or other harmful microorganisms.

Though fish and shellfish are great sources of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, they also contain methylmercury. Mercury in large quantities has been associated with brain and kidney damage. Fish that are known to have high levels of mercury are shark, tilefish, swordfish, and king mackerel. These specific fish should be avoided in pregnancy. All other fish and shellfish should be limited to 6 ounces per week. Avoid fish that is seared or served rare.

Some studies have suggested that heavy consumption of caffeine may be associated with low birth weight, preterm birth, and even miscarriage. The amount of caffeine varies greatly depending on the type of coffee brewed. Espresso contains twice as much caffeine then traditional American coffee. For example, an 8 ounce cup of American coffee contains about 150 mg of caffeine whereas 8 ounces of espresso contains about 300mg of caffeine. Caffeine is also present in tea, soda, and chocolate. Caffeinated teas contain between 30-50mg of caffeine per 8 ounces. Soda contains about 60 mg of caffeine per 12 ounces. Chocolate contains 5-35mg of caffeine per 8 ounces. The amount of caffeine depends on the type of chocolate. Dark chocolate contains the most caffeine. Though there is no definitive amount of caffeine that is considered harmful, it is best to limit the amount of caffeine intake. Generally one 8 ounce cup of coffee or 12 ounce serving of soda a day is considered safe.

No safe level of alcohol consumption has been established. Alcohol consumption in pregnancy has been associated with facial deformities, low birth weight, and learning disabilities. It is best to avoid all alcoholic beverages in pregnancy.

In short, when making food choices while pregnant, choose foods that are unlikely to be contaminated with bacteria or parasites. Typically these are foods that are fresh and well cleaned. Make certain that the dairy products you consume are pasteurized. Only eat meats, eggs, and fish that are well cooked. Limit fish to 6 ounces per week and avoid those fish that are high in mercury. Avoid all alcoholic beverages in pregnancy.